Breakdown and Release of Energy
Although each energy bearing nutrient initially follows a different metabolic pathway, they all follow the Choose...Krebs cycletricarboxylic acid cyclecitric acid cycleall of the above and the electron transport chain. During glycolysis one molecule of glucose yields Choose...1245 NADH, a net of two Choose...ATPADPAMPGTP and Choose...1235 pyruvate. In the next step of carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate is converted to Choose...acetyl CoAFADlactateoxaloacetate. Without oxygen, pyruvate cannot be converted to this substance. In this case, it is rerouted to form Choose...cytosolNADPHFADlactate. Choose...The citric acid cycleGlycolysisKetogenesisGlycogenesis begins when acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to yield citrate. This cycle produces most of the energy-rich molecules that ultimately generate ATP. It is also an important source of building blocks for fatty acids and Choose...phytochemicalsenzymesglycogenamino acids. The electron transport chain is the last step in glucose breakdown and occurs in the inner Choose...endoplasmic reticulumribosomalmitochondrialgolgi appartus membrane. Choose...NADHFADNADPHFADH2 produced in the citric acid cycle delivers its high energy electrons to the beginning of the chain. At the end of the chain, oxygen accepts the energy depleted electrons and then reacts with hydrogen to form water. The three end products of glucose catabolism are water, Choose...NADHhydrogencarbon dioxidenitrogen and ATP.